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* “寓医于食”——中华民族养生保健的科学理念(1)
标签:养生 保健 食疗 健康 食物 

时间:2007年5月19日

地点:海信大厦25楼

主讲人:赵霖教授

 

大家好,我今天是第四次来海信, 2002年我也在这个屋子给大家做过报告。这次来也很意外,因为上个礼拜我突然接到通知,第八届全国美食节要在青岛开,国家饭店行业协会请我来作报告,我前天作了一个报告,题目是“坚持传统饮食结构,弘扬健康烹饪文化——谈谈餐桌上的民族精神”,昨天又给我安排了一个报告,谈的是“食品安全,无国界饮食文化”,所以这样来了海信。但是我也不太公平,因为去年张瑞敏上北京找了我好几次,想让我给海尔讲课,我这人光给海信讲,没给海尔讲过。 我记得你们周总的一句话。我今年3月12号在中央党校省干部学习班讲课的时候就说,我说我特别记得海信周总的一句话:“健康就是GDP”,现在很多领导都重视GDP。 今天我讲的题目是“寓医于食”——中华民族养生保健的科学理念。胡锦涛主席2004年6月2日在两院院士大会上指出:“科学技术是经济社会发展的一个重要基础资源,是引领未来发展的主导力量。” 党的十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的宏伟蓝图,首次将公民健康素质与思想道德素质、科学文化素质综合提升,全面发展。 我和我夫人写过一篇文章,在《科技导报》上发表了,我非常意外地收到了钱学森教授的来信,他说:“我认为在社会主义的物质文明建设中,应该有人民体质建设和经济建设并列”,当时我看了钱教授这封信以后,受到很大的触动。因为我们当时搞营养,在做研究开发,但是我们很忽略宣传普及,因为营养是面上的学科,像一个车,一个轮子是研究开发,一个轮子是宣传普及,如果光一个轮子转,这个车就在原地打转。所以我们从那个时候就比较注意养生知识的普及工作。

 

人生在世无非学习两种知识:一种是谋生的知识,是为了生命存在的基础。而另一种就是关于养生的知识,就是为了生命本身,就是为了健康长寿。《皇帝内经》指出:“上工救其萌芽,下工救其已成,救已成者用力多而成功少。言凶各半矣。”中国中医科学院要专门研究治胃病。“夫病已成而后药之,乱已成而后治之,譬犹渴而穿井,斗而铸锥,不亦晚乎!”西方所谓的疾病保健是健康保健。 我们国家的平均寿命是71.5岁,在世界上进入了第二个行列。世界上寿命最高的就是北美、西欧、日本和澳大利亚,它们是第一个梯队。但是我们国家的平均健康寿命只有62.3岁,居世界81位。也就是说平均有9年半的时间有一个人带病或残疾生活。

 

人类疾病模式发生了很多变化,我上个月在《北京晚报》发表了一篇文章,因为北京奥运有好多主题,唯独缺了一个“健康奥运”。所以上个月北京市政府在龙潭湖召开了一次大会,就是“健康奥运”。我们就给北京市的居民讲讲课,其中我讲课的题目就是“爱是从胃里开始的”。为什么呢?随着食品工业的发展,随着餐饮的大量出现,我们很多年轻同志家里面成了厨房消失的先生,我当时讲完课之后,好几个学生说“赵教授,我原来都把我们厨房改成书房了”。欧洲有一句话就是“爱是从胃里开始的”。英国就发现,英国离婚率最高的夫妇,一个很重要的原因就是夫妇两个都不会做饭,如果有一个人会做饭,离婚率都不会那么高。所以这个问题应该引起大家的重视,我现在见到很多年轻人,甚至天天靠吃方便面活着。因为小孩都是一个,所以从小就没有学过做饭,一离开爸妈就不知道该怎么吃了。所以现在人类疾病模式发生了很多变化。

 

第一个就是生活方式变了。2000年世界卫生组织宣布,全世界因为营养过剩死亡的人数首次超过了因为营养不良而死亡的人数。这个问题,昨天我在会上作的报告里面就谈到了“洋快餐”的问题,“洋快餐”影响了人的慢性食品安全。当时坐在底下的就有肯德基的市场安全顾问,我就讲如果我讲的任何一点你有意见,你随时都可以站起来和我辩论,我从头讲到尾,他都没吭声。为什么呢?就因为“洋快餐”在世界都是老鼠过街、人人喊打,唯独在中国发展得很快,为什么呢?就因为腐败。英国人说中国有一个腐败的铁三角:腐败官员、无良心学者和行贿商人。肯德基去年的销售额接近200亿,它造成的肥胖儿童用的药费我想会超过500亿,我们这边吃着洋快餐吃得肥胖,那边还要买药把健康买回去,整个是改革开放的落空。 所以昨天我讲,我说一百多年前世界各国的帝国主义列强把中国当成一块肥肉,枪炮、鸦片都来攻击,我们经过一百年的奋斗,现在没有人敢忽略我们了,但是我们一次一次吃着洋快餐,在危害着中国人的健康。现在美国60%的人都肥胖。

 

第二个是药源性疾病,我刚才跟你们医务室的人聊天,我说不能光发药片。我到有些省里面做巡讲的时候,一些秘书长跟我讲,天天要吃安眠药。安眠药不管事,就吃抗抑郁的药。这个抗抑郁的药是不能乱吃的,因为抗抑郁的药是影响决策的。要通过调整来解决问题,不要老通过吃药。我去年1月份从德国、法国回国的时候,华仁集团请我到香港,为什么呢?国资委主任李荣融到那边去视察,对他们的食堂提出了建议,建议找我去一趟给他们咨询咨询。他们安排了一个节目,就是给所有的领导人挨个进行咨询,号号脉,他们的保健医生陪着我一块。我就跟领导说怎么样吃饭,那保健医生就说该怎么样吃药,我觉得特别好玩,医生满脑子都是药,这就是美国的模式,药物对付疾病。其实美国已经都在扭转模式了。比如你血压高,医生肯定告诉你终生服药。你可以问他这是谁说的?美国权威说的。美国权威后面是谁?美国药厂。高血压非常复杂,欧洲有一句话叫做“不着急、不生气就没有高血压”,美国有一个大规模的研究中心曾经就指出,中国大面积高血压的原因,和中国的酒精消费成正比。咱们国家的白酒每年的消费可以灌一个西湖,尤其是山东的同志,“酒杯一端,政策放宽”,没谱。所以饮酒也是造成血压高的原因。像青岛,我前年来给市委讲课,就发现青岛痛风的人特别多,特别是企业家和领导,为什么?天天晚上应酬,喝啤酒,吃海鲜,还得吃南韩烤肉,整天都是碳酸,能不痛风吗?碳酸除了水就是二氧化碳。所以穷人不得痛风。加拿大的研究发现,大量的饮用酒精、饮料也是造成痛风的原因,已经有了这样的结论。 再一个是吃盐。山东人是全国吃盐最多的。广西的农民一天吃7.6克盐,它的高血压只有5.6%。所以这些生活方式都不管,就是让你吃药,是你在血压高的时候,你的血流速度非常快,所以脑部和心脏是不会缺血的。如果什么都不管,就让你吃药,把血管骤然舒张,就会出现脑供血不足,这就是为什么吃了一些药品感觉不舒服的原因。我去年3月份在北京讲过一次课,一个广东省的省级干部,每隔两天给我打一个电话,就开始调整,把药片一点点的减少。等他回广东,已经把药全停了,血压全正常了。 比如说我们有些办法可以预防高血压,像国民党的一个元老,非常简单的一个方法,就是喝的茶一半是绿茶,一半是黄菊花。晚上睡觉榨一小杯芹菜汁,夜里的血压就比较稳定。我们不否定药物的作用,但是我们不能依赖药物。 现在药源性疾病非常多。我曾经见过一个家长,他的孩子一岁的时候吃了磺胺药,诱发了白血病,后来他就到北京中医学院学中医,到13岁这个孩子的病才好。为什么得白血病?包括速效感冒胶囊,这种西方的解热镇痛药都会破坏我们的造血细胞,这些药是不能乱吃的。 我国每年因为药物死亡的人很多。你看老人舌头上有霉菌,抗生素吃得太多了。霉菌感染到了非常糟糕没法收拾的地步。任何一个抗生素的滥用,都会影响生态菌群的混乱。所以一感冒就吃抗生素,这人就有病。平常的感冒喝点开水、喝点姜汤,回家睡觉就行了。

 

第三个是医源性疾病。现在有什么病,不管是什么先挂瓶子再说。我们曾经对医院的护理部做过调查,买了很多输液,用0.45微米的放在显微镜下看,我给你们说可能很吃惊,我曾经在里面发现巨大的汗毛,这些东西输进去了,就变成了体内的因素。所以没有什么着急的不要随便输液,你输液的话,这些东西进入血液,就没法出去。 药源性疾病随处可在。职业妇女怀孕就容易妊娠反应,我们有一个非常简单的做法就是买伏龙肝这个药,就是农民烧柴的“灶心土”,但是外国人不知道这个事情,德国格律塔尔公司生产了合成药物反应停(困特甘),这个药物做了很多实验,据说老鼠点头了,猴子也点头了,然后就给人吃。全世界吃了这个药的孕妇,一共生下来两万个“海豹儿”,就是生下来的孩子没有手、没有脚,造成了世界上最大的药物丑闻。 2002年拜耳药厂出了一个新的降脂药“拜思停”,到7月份,全球31人吃这个药以后,因发生横纹肌溶解症而死亡,实际上降脂最简单的就是多喝茶。我在上世纪70年代做过一个实验,三组兔子,第一组兔子吃普通饲料,第二组兔子加大量鸡蛋黄,第三组兔子除鸡蛋黄外还加绿茶的茶叶末。解剖发现,吃鸡蛋黄的兔子血管里都是斑块,吃茶的那组兔子血管里很干净。中国人有些习惯喝茶都把茶叶吃掉,这个习惯是非常好的。 解热镇痛药“扑热息痛”被称为“无声杀手”。英国每年因药物中毒的48%的患者是因为服用了“扑热息痛”,其中有200-300人死亡。服用阿司匹林,大家记得一定要饭后吃,不然容易造成胃出血。另外止痛药不要乱吃,经常吃止痛药的人有86%的人患高血压。

2009-2-26 15:30:54 | 阅读(1234) | 评论(13)
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